Milkweed, often associated with monarch butterflies, is not only a beautiful addition to any garden but also serves as a powerful deterrent to deer and rabbits. These plants are critical for pollinators, particularly the endangered monarch butterfly, and are generally avoided by garden pests due to their toxic properties.
Types of Milkweed for the Garden
Butterfly Milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa)
This vibrant, low-growing plant is perfect for tough garden spots with dry soil. Butterfly milkweed blooms in striking orange, though there are also yellow varieties such as ‘Hello Yellow.’ It’s a non-invasive plant, and its flowers are highly attractive to pollinators like bees and butterflies. It’s an ideal addition to any garden looking to support wildlife.
Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata)
Swamp milkweed thrives in moist conditions but adapts well to dry garden beds. This variety is fragrant and blooms in shades of pink to white, with popular cultivars such as ‘Soulmate’ and ‘Ice Ballet.’ While swamp milkweed does best with part-day shade, it can also flourish in full sun, making it a versatile option for gardeners. This species has a long bloom time, which provides extended food sources for pollinators.
Common Milkweed (Asclepias Syriaca)
Common milkweed is well-known for attracting monarchs and other butterflies. However, it is an aggressive spreader and is better suited for wildflower meadows or less manicured garden spaces. If you have space, it can create a stunning natural look, but be prepared for its rapid growth.
How to Grow Milkweed
Milkweeds are perennials that can be grown from seed either indoors or directly in the garden. For better germination, seeds can benefit from cold-stratification or winter sowing techniques. However, many milkweed varieties don’t require special treatment and can be grown successfully from seed. Once seedlings are established, they can be moved outside, where they can enjoy the colder spring temperatures that encourage blooming.
Why Milkweed Works for Deterring Deer and Rabbits
Milkweeds produce a milky, toxic sap that animals generally avoid. The bitter taste and irritant properties of the sap discourage deer and rabbits from munching on these plants, making them ideal for garden edges where browsing animals are a problem.
Practical Tips for Growing Milkweed
- Spacing and Soil: Milkweeds prefer well-drained soil, and although many varieties thrive in full sun, swamp milkweed can tolerate some shade. Be sure to give them enough space to spread, especially common milkweed.
- Maintenance: While butterfly milkweed and swamp milkweed are relatively low-maintenance, common milkweed may require some management, especially in the second year when it can spread aggressively.
- Harvesting: If you plan to use milkweed for cut flowers, cut the stems carefully after checking for monarch larvae. Always wear gloves to protect yourself from the sticky sap, which can cause skin irritation.
By planting milkweed in your garden, not only will you create a beautiful, colorful tapestry of flowers, but you’ll also be supporting essential pollinators while keeping deer and rabbits at bay.